Tuesday, February 17, 2015

Sensory Processing Disorder


Life is atypical for the child with sensory processing disorders.  Because of the way nerves communicate with the brain in children with SPD, they can have more challenges with certain types of activities.  There are many different types of SPD that can affect a child.  For example, some children have a tactile sense processing disorder, another may have vestibular problems; some children may have proprioceptive challenges, while others may have visual or auditory difficulties.  This can all be overwhelming when faced with having a child with this type of disorder.

                Briefly, let’s identify what a sensory processing disorder is.  To begin we will define sensory processing, which is essentially, the process in which our bodies take in all of the senses around us and make sense of it.  We have the common senses of touch, taste, feel, hearing, and smell, as well as the less common senses which include the vestibular (Inner ear/balance), interoception (Internal organs/hunger, thirst), and proprioception (muscles/joints – body position/movement of body parts) senses. 

                What happens is that our nerves carry the sensation to our brain; we interpret it, and then react.  If we taste something sour, our lips pucker, our eyes may water, and we may attempt to spit it out.  Each sense is the same, we experience the exposure, our nerves send it to our brain which interprets it, and those same nerves send out a message to respond.

                The child with a sensory processing disorder is not privileged with the same opportunities to respond like those without the disorder.  Their nerves may over or under shoot their destination which ends up with a response that is atypical.  Essentially, the brain has difficulty taking in, organizing, and responding to sensory information and therefore this child has problems reacting effectively to his/her surrounding environment.

                There are many responses that children may have as they attempt to make sense out of the way their brains interpret their sensations.  In future posts, we will address more ideas regarding how to help children with some of these disorders. 

                In most cases, to provide the best possible outcome for your child struggling with SPD, an Occupation Therapist (OT) is ideal.  Through occupational therapy, appropriate activities can be identified and practiced.

                As one example, a child with a vestibular disorder, or problems regarding movement of the body, may have difficulty with large motor skills and motor planning.  Things such as slides make this child uncomfortable and he may be afraid of heights.  One way to help this child would be to reduce gravitational insecurity.  This could be accomplished by allowing them to jump on a small, one person exercise trampoline or having them swing gently on a glider swing.

                More ideas will follow in future posts.  I hope this is helpful and gives you a better understanding of sensory processing disorders.  Let me know.  Thanks 

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